Step 15: Use the lines on the left as guides to draw the white-crowned sparrow's other foot the same way. Draw the visible portion of the leg around the guides and don't overlap the first leg. Make the tips pointy for the bird's nails.

Step 16: Use the shapes in the middle as guides to draw the rest of the sparrow's body. Darken the outer edges of the guides to create the body's shape. Draw short strokes along the inner edge of the initial arc for the feathery underside. Darken the top edges of the guides to complete the shape of the bird's body.

Step 17: Darken the sloping lines on the right to create the shape of the white-crowned sparrow's tail. As you darken the bottom edge, make the left side lower so that the base of the tail is wider. Inside the shape, draw a series of long, sloping lines for the tail feathers. Make the feathers near the top edge shorter. Keep the lines close together for thin shapes.

Step 18: For a cleaner look, erase as much as you can of the initial guide lines. Don't worry about erasing all of the guides. It's okay to leave some behind. Re-draw any final sketch lines you may have accidentally erased.

Final Step: Add some shading to your white-crowned sparrow drawing. Use a dark value for the stripes on the head. Shade lightly at first, and then gradually build up to darker values. Add a series of long spots on the bird's wing. Use ovals for the spots and then shade them in. Make the ovals longer at the bottom so that they turn into stripes. Add stripes to the tail feathers too. Use a very light value for the rest of the body. For a more detailed guide on how to shade, check out this tutorial: How to shade.

Use a medium value for the bird's beak but leave a thin strip at the top blank for shine. Vary the pressure on your pencil to get different degrees of tonal value. Add more strokes on the light sections of the body for more value and some feathery texture. Add a medium value to the areas between the spots and the stripes on the bird's feathers. It's a good idea to use reference as you draw for an accurate depiction of a white-crowned sparrow. Shading can be time-consuming so be patient and take breaks. Use a medium value to shade the feet. Don't shade the feet too smoothly. A rougher value gives them more texture.

Add shadows using a medium value throughout the bird's body to give the figure more dimension and volume. Pick the direction of the light source when shading so that the shadows are consistent with it. As you shade, use strokes that go in the general direction of the feathers. Don't forget to pause the video after each step to draw at your own pace. Use a medium value to add a cast shadow underneath to ground the bird.

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